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During the Ice Age period, the glaciers that had formed in present-day New Jersey melted leaving behind rich fertile land surrounded by Lake Passaic, rivers, swamps, and gorges. The earliest settlers in the land were the Lenape group that referred to the region as Scheyichbi.

The autonomous Lenape group was divided into three distinct clans according to their female ancestors. The clans were further subdivided into three phratries recognized by their animal symbols of either a turkey, turtle or wolf. They practiced hunting and gathering before diversifying into agriculture to supplement their food choices. Agriculture was practiced on the lands surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound since they were fertile and close to water sources.

In the 17th century, the Dutch started trading fur with the Native Americans and began to acquiring land in accordance with the policy set by the Dutch West India Company. The first person to implement the policy that was nonexistent among the Lenape was Pauw Michiel who established patronageof the areas surrounding the North River and Peter Minuit who acquired the land along the Delaware River and established the New Sweden colony. It was also from the St. The British encountered little resistance, perhaps due to the unpopularity of the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant.

New Netherland west of the Hudson River was renamed New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey which Charles II of England , after having seen their loyalty to the crown, gave to the people of Jersey as a reward for having given him hospitality in the castle of Mont Orgueil before he was proclaimed king in The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement , a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom.

In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony’s capital. This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. However, the line was constantly the subject of disputes. With the Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made resulting in the Thornton Line , drawn around , and the Lawrence Line , drawn around , which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes.

Many of the colonists of New Jersey became farmers. However, despite the fertility of the soil, farmers were forced to struggle due to the dearth of English money. Some owned slaves or had indentured servants work for them. The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea.

Transportation was slow and difficult usually on either foot or horseback. Education came through small religious schools, private academies, or tutors. Edward Hyde , Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York.

In , the school moved to Princeton. New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. Many of the New Jersey settlers still felt ties of loyalty to the British crown , and many slaves sided with the British in exchange for freedom.

On July 2, , the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted, creating a basic framework for the state government. The New Jersey Constitution of allowed “all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money” to vote, including non-whites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law.

The Constitution declared itself temporary and to be void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain. The right to vote was restricted to white males in Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, , the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey. New Jersey is referred to as the “Crossroads of the Revolution” because the British and Continental armies fought several crucial battles there. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation.

In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians , capturing nearly prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been meant for the British army. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The Americans inflicted heavy casualties on the British from their defenses. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis’s stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, The British at Princeton were forced to surrender.

Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey. Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. General Charles Lee led the American attack on the British rear but retreated prematurely when the British attempted to flank the Americans. The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counter-attacks, both of which failed.

After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. Over 1, British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost men. It was during this battle that the legendary ” Molly Pitcher ” is said to have fought. The last major battle to take place in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War and for the rest of the history of New Jersey was the Battle of Springfield. Baron von Knyphausen , the Hessian general, hoped to invade New Jersey and expected support from colonists of New Jersey who were tired of the war.

He hoped to secure Hobart Gap , from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown. On June 23, , the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. General Greene successfully stopped a two-pronged attack from entrenchments held across the Raritan River , preventing the British invasion. New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place.

Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government. When Virginia delegates proposed a plan calling for representation based on the population of each state, the smaller states refused, fearing that with such a plan they would no longer have a say in government affairs.

William Paterson , a New Jersey statesman, introduced the New Jersey Plan , by which one vote would be given to each state, providing equal representation within the legislative body. The Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the Congress. The economy of New Jersey was largely based on agriculture, but crop failures and poor soil plagued the settlers of New Jersey. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George Hammell Cook.

The publication of this survey helped to increase the state’s involvement in agricultural research and direct support to farmers. Paterson became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America.

Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet 23 m high Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city became an important site for mills and other industries. These include the textile, firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. Because of its high silk production, it became nicknamed the “Silk City”.

In , Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city. The second version of the New Jersey State Constitution was written in The constitution provided suffrage only to white males, removing it from all women and from people of other races. Suffrage had been awarded to those groups under the original New Jersey State Constitution of Some important components of the second State Constitution include the separation of the powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

The new constitution also provided a bill of rights. Underneath the constitution, the people had the right to elect the governor. The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in Edison worked in Menlo Park , and was known as “the Wizard of Menlo Park” for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1, patents. He also is credited with improving the designs of the incandescent light bulb, radio, the telegraph, and the telephone.

He started the Motion Picture Patents Company. The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. The first ocean-going steamboat went from Hoboken, New Jersey , sailed around southern New Jersey, and ended in Philadelphia. Locomotion was also improved; Hoboken-born inventor John Stevens built a ton locomotive and his son Robert L. Stevens started constructing iron railroads. Through the s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines.

Historians have examined the emergence of the Second Party System at the state and local level. For example Bruce Bendler argues that in New Jersey the same dramatic changes that were reshaping the rest of the country were especially pointed in that state in the s. A new political system emerged by the end of the decade as voters polarized in support or opposition to Jackson. By the mids the Democrats and the Whigs had fully mobilize practically all of the voters into pro-and anti—Jackson coalitions.

Furthermore the ” Market Revolution ” was well underway, as industrialization and upgraded transportation networks made the larger picture more important than the local economy, and entrepreneurs and politicians became leaders in speeding up the changes.

Jeffers of Salem County, New Jersey, build his political success on leadership with the Jacksonian forces at the local level, while at the same time building his fortune with a bank charter and building a steam mill.

During the Mexican—American War , a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September to July After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey.

The Quaker population was especially intolerant of slavery, and the state was a major part of the Underground Railroad. The New Jersey legislature passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in , providing that no person born after that date would be a slave.

It was not until that most blacks were free in the state. New Jersey was the last northern state to abolish slavery completely, and by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. The census found just over 25, free African Americans in the state. New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. Soldiers from New Jersey fought generally in the War’s Eastern theater.

Kearny distinguished himself as a brilliant officer during the Peninsula Campaign , and was promoted to the position of major general. New Jersey was one of the few states to favor Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the presidential election. The people of New Jersey also cast their electoral votes for George B. McClellan when he ran for president against Abraham Lincoln in the election of The people had the distinction of being the only free state that rejected Lincoln twice.

McClellan was later elected governor, serving from to Many industrial cities like Paterson and Camden grew strong through Civil War production. They manufactured many necessities, including clothing and war materials like ammunition. These cities prospered through heavy production even after the end of the war. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by Henry H. Rogers , William Rockefeller , and John D.

Standard Oil Company was split into 34 smaller companies as a result of the dissolution. Between July 1 and July 12, a series of shark attacks occurred along the Jersey Shore in which four swimmers were killed and another severely injured.

The incidents occurred during a deadly heat wave and polio epidemic in the Northeastern United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. Scientists since then have debated which shark species was responsible, with the great white shark as the most cited. New Jersey was a center of shipbuilding and manufacturing during World War I.

Existing factories such as the Singer Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey were converted to making weapon parts. New refineries and ammunition factories were built by companies like DuPont Engineering. After the war, many of these companies and plants shifted to chemicals, making New Jersey one of the world’s leading chemical producers. Several Allied ships were sunk off the New Jersey coast.

It was from there that many soldiers were deployed to Hoboken before shipping off to Europe. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November After the war, it was converted into a demobilization center.

Like much of the rest of the United States, New Jersey entered a prosperous state through the s. Through this period, New Jersey’s population and employment rate increased greatly. Although factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still churned out goods.

Transportation became much easier through the s. Cars became easily affordable and roads were paved and improved such that they incorporated new road features, including jughandle turns. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state.

The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. Many bridges and tunnels were built for the ease of interstate traveling. Before, ferries were required to travel across the Hudson River. Later on, the George Washington Bridge and the Lincoln Tunnel were completed, making access to Manhattan even easier. New Jersey was the first state to ratify Prohibition , which restricted the purchasing and selling of alcohol.

Newark’s breweries reopened almost immediately. By , one-tenth of the population was dependent upon Franklin D. Roosevelt ‘s New Deal. In fact, New Jersey issued begging licenses to the poor people because the New Jersey government funds were being exhausted. Strikes also grew common during the Great Depression; in a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike. Listeners were told that a “huge, flaming object Although it was announced in advance that it was a radio play, the broadcast resulted in widespread panic into New Jersey and the surrounding areas.

Many people had believed the bulletin to be real, causing them to flee the New Jersey area or to blockade their homes to ensure safety from the reported monsters. CBS was criticized for allowing fictitious bulletins to gain attention of listeners. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal “house arrest” for a short period. The police sealed off many roads to prevent the kidnapper’s escape, and interrogated the members of the Lindbergh household.

Federal expert Arthur Koehler carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper, which he traced to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills.

Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann ; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann’s Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the “Trial of the Century”, and was convicted. While approaching a mooring mast at Lakehurst, the zeppelin suddenly caught fire, and within 34 seconds the entire hydrogen-filled zeppelin was engulfed in flames; 36 people died in the disaster, most of them leaping from the burning ship.

Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. Questions and controversy surround the accident to this day: theories for the sudden burst of flames include sabotage against the German Nazis , static build-up, and flammable fabric.

Many women took jobs in factories during their husbands’ absences. Its buildings were painted with protective camouflage patterns. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing supplies. Fort Dix was reopened for the training of soldiers for the war effort. During the war, Naval Weapons Station Earle in Monmouth County was opened for naval production and provided ships with a safe port to take on ammunition.

Millville Airport opened on August 2, It was called “America’s First Defense Airport” because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. Over 1, pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport.

Gunners in the fort prevented German submarines from entering New York Harbor. It was expanded during wartime operations and turned over to the Air Force in An internment camp housing people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent was located in Gloucester City. In addition, Seabrook Farms took advantage of Japanese-American labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there.

At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms. In , the current New Jersey State Constitution was ratified, reorganizing the state government. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a member Senate and an member General Assembly.

The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and non-whites. This was the first port in the world to containerize due to the innovation of Malcolm McLean and the founding of the Sea-Land Corporation.

 
 

 

New Jersey – Wikipedia

 

The first people to live on jerrsey land now known as New Jersey were the Delaware Indians. They lived here starting at least 10, years ago. Anywhere from 8, to 20, Delaware Indians lived in the area when the first Europeans arrived. Their name means “original people” or “genuine people. Though they were considered one tribe, the Delaware Indians didn’t act as one unified group. Instead, they lived in small communities made up mostly of extended family members.

The men would hunt or fish during the day. Depending on the season they might search for arter off the Jersey shore or hunt in the woods. The women worked in the gardens.

They grew squash, beans, sweet potatoes, and corn. Europeans called them the Delaware Indians. He sailed along the coast and anchored off Sandy Hook. Although Hudson was British, he worked for new jersey named after Netherlands, so he claimed the land for the Dutch.

It was called New Netherlands. Small trading colonies sprang up where acter present towns of Hoboken and Jersey City are located. Bergen, founded inwas New Jersey’s first нажмите чтобы узнать больше European settlement. In the Dutch lost New Netherlands when the Читать статью took control of the land and added it to their colonies.

They divided the land in half and gave control to two proprietors: Jeersey George Carteret who was in charge of the east side and Lord John Berkley who was in charge of the west side. Carteret had been governor of the Isle of Jersey. New jersey named after and Carteret sold the land iersey low prices and allowed namrd settlers to have political and religious freedom.

As a result, New Jersey was more ethnically вот ссылка than many other colonies. Primarily a rural society, the colony grew to have aboutpeople. Eventually, governing power was transferred back to New jersey named after. For many years, New Jersey jersry a royal governor with New York.

The governorship was finally split in when New Jersey got its own governor, Lewis Morris. In the years before the Jwrsey, anti-British feelings spread throughout the state.

About one-third of the people living here supported the rebels, one-third supported England, and one-third remained neutral. In New Jersey declared itself new jersey named after independent state and joined the colonial side in the Revolutionary War. New Jersey was an important state during the Revolutionary War because of its location near the center of the thirteen colonies and between New York City and Philadelphia.

Because of this, more battles were fought in New Jersey than in any other state. The Americans and British fought battles, both large and small, here.

Many people consider the Battle of Trenton to be the turning point of the Revolution. New jersey named after and his troops spent the aftter of new jersey named after winter in Morristown, and the United States was well on its way new jersey named after victory. They thought no one would aftdr during winter, so the British and Hessian soldiers in New Jersey divided into camps to stay until spring.

Trenton was considered the most desirable post, and it went to the Afted soldiers as a reward for their good service. The Hessians used the Old Barracks in Trenton as a headquarters. The British didn’t naemd Washington across the Delaware River because it was full of blocks of ice that made new jersey named after dangerous to cross. The Hessians didn’t patrol along the ndw because they thought Washington couldn’t cross back.

But in December, Washington and his men new jersey named after to cross. Washington’s men had to push away blocks of ice from the boat’s path while paddling jerset to fight the strong current. Once across, Washington decided new jersey named after separate and surprise the Hessians in Trenton from two sides. The plan new jersey named after, and the patriots captured prisoners while only four American soldiers were wounded. InNew Jersey became the third state to ratify the U.

Constitution and the first state to sign the Bill of Rights. In jerseu, Trenton officially became the state capital of New Jersey. William Livingston became New Jersey’s new jersey named after state governor. New Jersey grew and prospered during the early s. New factories sprung up throughout the state. Paterson became new jersey named after textile center and later became known for producing trains and silk. Namedd produced clay products, new jersey named after, and steel.

Camden, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Ссылка, and Passaic all became major manufacturing hamed in the s. New canals and new jersey named after helped /13074.txt grow. Europeans came by the thousands to New Jersey to work in the factories. South Jersey jdrsey rural for the most part, growing the crops to feed the urban areas nearby.

Railroads were important in helping the South Jersey seashore areas expand. InNew Jersey’s population of nearly half a million and new jersey named after industries in which most of those people worked were concentrated in the north. During the Civil War, New Jersey provided 31 regiments jeesey of soldiersincluding cavalry soldiers on horseback and infantry soldiers on foot. Over 25, New Jersey men fought for the Union, and New Взято отсюда soldiers participated in almost every major Eastern battle.

After the Civil War, the industrial revolution was under way, avter New Jersey continued to grow. More factories opened, and cities like Trenton, Newark, Paterson, and Camden got bigger as immigrants from Europe came to work in them.

Railroads were laid to connect the cities перейти на страницу to transport materials. At first, most immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. Later, people came from Italy and from countries throughout Eastern Europe.

In half the state’s population was born or had /15351.txt who were born outside the United States. As city populations grew, farm populations shrank.

With so many people working in factories, issues like child labor and protection for workers became important. The popularity of these reforms brought Woodrow Wilson to power as governor in He left office in to become President of the United States and is the only New Jersey governor to become president.

As both governor and president Wilson supported welfare reforms to protect workers and to keep companies from hersey too big. The state’s economic expansion had a lot to do with the genius of its inventors. Thomas Edison is probably most famous.

New jersey named after his thousands of inventions, including the light bulb, Edison helped develop the motion picture while working in New Jersey. Fort Lee became the посмотреть еще picture capital of the world in the early s. Unfortunately, the Great Depression new jersey named after the s hit New Jersey hard, jesey massive unemployment.

The state rebounded during World War II in the s enw New Jersey’s electronics and chemical industries began large-scale operations. In the mids, people began moving back into the rural areas from the hamed cities. A number of transportation projects helped better connect New Jersey. The history of air travel has close ties to New Jersey.

Newark Airport expanded its passenger and cargo services in In the s, it became one of the world’s busiest airports. Today New Jersey is recognized for its present as well as its past. While remembering its proud history, New Jersey will continue which uk city has the largest asian population be the setting for many of the great events of the future.

A Short History of New Jersey. Revolution In the years before the Revolution, anti-British feelings spread throughout the state.

 
 

New jersey named after

 
 

Take away the Rhein and you’re left with pfalz, which the good people of Mannheim pronounced Paltz! When they made their way to New York, it was a no-brainer to call the land New Paltz.

New Rochelle , located in Westchester County, New York, was originally settled by refugee Huguenots in who were on the run from Catholic-instigated massacres back in France. As history would have it, many of the pioneers hailed from the city of La Rochelle, France, which is in south-western France on the Bay of Biscay.

Moving north to Connecticut, we come to one of the most affluent communities in the US, New Canaan, which takes its name first from the parish established in called Canaan. When the parish finally became a town in , they called it New Canaan.

The original Hampshire is on the southern coast of England Hampshire, sometimes historically referred to as Southamptonshire, Hamptonshire, and the County of Southampton, which may answer all sort of questions about those precious Hamptons on Long Island. Since Hampshire was on the coast, it made for easy access back in the 17th century for those leaving England and settling in the region they then called New Hampshire. New Durham is probably best known as the place where Reverend Benjamin Randall founded the then-new religious denomination in called the Free Will Baptists, later known as Free Baptists.

The original Durahm is located in north east of England and is home to Durham University, England’s third oldest educational institute after Oxford and Cambridge. It’s located not too far from Durham’s city center, er, rather centre. Named after the ocean on which it borders, Atlantic County was established from a portion of Gloucester County in It was one of the seven counties created during a year period that brought the final county total to Bergen County.

This area was home to New Jersey’s first permanent settlement. Three years later the colony was destroyed by the Hackensack and Tappan Native Americans. File Photo. Burlington County. Named after Bridlington, a town in England, Burlington County was established in It was one of the first two counties created in West Jersey and had extended all the way to present-day Hunterdon County.

Burlington City also became the capital of West Jersey at one point. Map: Rutgers University Libraries System. Camden County. Established in , Camden County was named after Earl of Camden Charles Pratt, a member of English parliament who supported the cause of the colonists leading up to American Revolution and opposed England’s tax on them, according to Bonny Beth Elwell, library director at the Camden County Historical Society.

Cape May County. Mey named the land after himself and built Fort Nassau on present-day Timber Creek in Gloucester years earlier. Mey sounded like May. Cumberland County. The name was given by the royal colonial governor, Jonathan Belcher. William Augustus became a controversial figure — revered by the English but deplored by the Scots for his brutal tactics during the Battle of Culloden in Essex County.

Though settlement began around , Essex County was officially established by the East Jersey Legislature in , making it one of the four original counties in East Jersey. It was named after Essex, England. During the American Revolution, the county was one of the most prosperous in the state. Gloucester County. Established in , Gloucester County was named for the city of Gloucester, England.

The original county boundaries stretched from the Delaware River to the Atlantic Ocean, and the first courthouse was in Gloucester City with the second located in Woodbury, according to Barbara Price, library coordinator at the Gloucester County Historical Society.

These are things we take for granted today. Hudson County. Hudson County was created in from portions of south Bergen County. It was named for English explorer Henry Hudson, who in landed on the shores of present-day Hoboken. Today, Hudson County remains geographically the smallest yet most densely populated county in the state.

Hunterdon County. Hunter served as the colonial governor from to Map: Rutgers Libraries System. Photos: Hunterdon Democrat. Mercer County. Somerset County was also stripped of land that went to Mercer. The county was named after Continental Army Gen. Photo: NJ.